胡壮麟言语学第五版考研温习材料(笔记+真题+题库) – 哔哩哔哩



胡壮麟言语学第五版考研温习材料

胡壮麟言语学第五版考研温习材料
胡壮麟言语学第五版笔记内容介绍:
作为《言语学教程》(第5版)(胡壮麟主编,北京大学出书社)的学习辅导书,全书完全遵从该教材的章目编列,共分12章,每章由两有些构成:第一有些为温习笔记(中英文对照),总结本章的要点难点;第二有些是考研真题与典型题详解,精选名校经典考研真题及有关习题,并供给了具体的参阅答案。本书具有以下几个方面的特征:
1.收拾章节条理,浓缩内容精华。每章的温习笔记以该教材为主并联系其他教材对本章的重难点常识进行了收拾,并参阅了国内名校名师教学该教材的课堂笔记,因而,本书的内容几乎浓缩了经典教材的常识精华。
2.中英双语对照,凸显难点要害。本书章节笔记选用了中英文对照的方法,强化对重要难点常识的了解和运用。
3.精选考研真题,弥补难点习题。本书精选名校考研真题及有关习题,并供给答案和详解。所选真题和习题根柢体现了各个章节的考点和难点,但又不完全捆绑于教材内容,是对教材内容极好的弥补。
另外,在笔记有些,关于在《言语学教程》第三版或第四版说到而第五版删减的常识点咱们也予以保存,并用“*”标明,有些院校考研真题照常会触及这些常识点的查询。相关于第三版或第四版,关于在第五版新添加的常识点用“v”标明,以便于运用不一样版别教材的读者运用。
胡壮麟言语学第五版考研温习材料
胡壮麟言语学第五版笔记标题一:
i.fill in the blanks
1.ic is the short form of immediateused in the study of syntax.(北二外2003研
【答案】constituent
【解析】直接成分分析法是一种句法分析办法。它指先把语句分析为直接成分——词组(或短
语),再把这些直接成分顺次切分,得到各自的直接成分,层层切分,直到究竟成分中止。
2.refers to ties and connections which exist within texts.they are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses.(人大2007研)
【答案】cohesion
【解析】联接不是一个句法概念,它指文本中存在的一种意义上的联络或联络,也包括语句
或分句之间存在的一种方法上的联络。
3.coordination and subordination belong to construction.
【答案】endocentric
【解析】向心规划包括一个作为全体规划的中心或中心的成分,该中心或中心可以在最终,也可以在最初。从规划上可以区别为两类:主从规划和并排规划。
胡壮麟言语学第五版笔记标题二:
4.asentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word,such as“and,“or.
【答案】coordinate
【解析】并排从句是指一个语句由两个分句构成,这两个分句一般是由如but,and,or这些并
列连词来联接的。
5.a clause that takes a subject and a finite verb,and at the same time stands structurally alone is known as a clause.
【答案】finite
【解析】限制性从句一般有一个主语和一个限制性动词,且在规划上是独立的。
6.ic analysis emphasizes the structure of a sentence,seeing it as consisting of word groups
【答案】hierarchical
【解析】参见第1题解析。
7.syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called rules,whose operation may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.
【答案】transformational
【解析】句法移位是一种变换规则,指一个语句的任意成分从正本的方位移到另一个新位
置。它可以会致使语句句法的改变。
胡壮麟言语学第五版笔记标题三:
9.etymologically speaking,refers to spoken language whlmeans the written documents.in contemporary linguistics,these two terms can be used interchangeably.
【答案】discourse;text
【解析】从词源学上看,语篇指的是口头言语而语篇指的是书面言语,在今世言语学中,这
两个词可以交换。
10.is a concept to do with discourse or text rather than with syntax,it refers to relations of meaning that exists within the text,and defines it as a text.
【答案】cohesion
【解析】联接是一个与语篇和华章有关的概念,与句法无关。它指的是存在于华章中的意义
联络。经过多种联接标志词如参照,替代,省掉,连词和词汇分配等可以完成联接。
胡壮麟言语学第五版笔记标题四:
2.for structuralists,is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents.(西安外国语学院2006研)a.coordinate construction b.subordinate constructionc.endocentric construction d.exocentric construction
【答案】c
【解析】向心规划是指其全体在功用上平等于或许接近它的一个或多个成分的规划。

胡壮麟言语学第五版考研温习材料(笔记+真题+题库) – 哔哩哔哩插图
3.phrase structure rules allow us to better understand.(西安交大2008研a.how people produce and recognize possible sentences b.what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words c.how words and phrases form sentences d.all of the above
【答案】d
【解析】乔姆斯基在其经典理论中提出短语规划规则,这个规则有助于咱们非常好的理解语句
是如何发生与被了解的,以及单词和短语是怎样根据语法规则构成语句的。
胡壮麟言语学第五版笔记标题五:
4.bloomfield introduced the ic analysis,whose full name is analysis.(北二外2010研)
a.internal component b.innate capacity c.internal constituent d.immediate constituent
【答案】d
【解析】直接成分这一术语,最早是由布龙菲尔德在《言语论》中提出的。直接成分分析法,即immediate constituent analysis,简称icanalysis。
5.the phrasebelongs to construction.
a.endocentric b.exocentric c.subordinate d.coordinate
【答案】b
【解析】离心规划是指一个其成分功用不等于它的任何一个成分,没有显着的主词或中心词的规划。在短语“on the shelf中,没有显着的主词或中心词规划。
胡壮麟言语学第五版笔记标题六:
10.in english,andare often expressed by subject and object.
a.theme and rhyme b.theme and predicate c.predicate and object d.subject and predicate
【答案】a
【解析】较早提出主位和述位概念的是布拉格学派创始人之一马泰休斯。主位和述位一般指主语和谓语,但主位规划分析归于语义分析,而主语—谓语补语分析归于规划分析。
11.which one of them is not the cohesive device.
a.ellipsis b.reference c.substitution d.subject
【答案】d
【解析】有许多联接办法,例如:指称,替代,省掉。主语不归于联接办法。
胡壮麟言语学第五版笔记标题七:
3.what are the endocentric and exocentric constructions?(北交大2007;武汉大学2004研;西安交大2008研)
【答案】
an endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent,or approaching
equivalence,to that of one or more of its constituents,i.e.a word or a group of words,which serves n ias a definable center,or head.hence an endocentric construction is also known as a headedi construction.noun phrases like lovely lucy are typical endocentric constructions.
opposite of endocentric constructions,the exocentric construction refers to a group of syntactically related words where none of the words is functionally equivalent to the group as a whole.there is no noticeable centre,or head in it.prepositional phrases like“on the shelfare typical examples of this type.
4.what are the advantages of using tree diagrams in the analysis of sentence structures?(西安交通大学2008研)
【答案】the tree diagram can not only reveal a linear order,but also a hierarchical structure that groups words into structural constituents.it can,in addition,show the syntactic category of each structural constituent,thus it is believed to most truthfully illustrate the constituent relationship among linguistic elements.

胡壮麟言语学第五版考研温习材料
胡壮麟言语学第五版笔记标题8:
i.fill in the blanks.
1.corpus linguistics deals with the principles and practice of using in language study.(中山大学2005研)
【答案】corpora
【解析】语料库言语学指论说言语研讨中运用语料的原理和实习。
2.in the phases iv of call development,instead of writing specific programs for language teaching,has adapted to language teaching by enabling students to compose and try out their own writings in a non-permanent form.
【答案】word processing
【解析】核算机运用到第二语身教育中的第四个期间,文字处置不再是为语身教育编写具体
的程序,而是习气语身教育,使学生用一种非耐久性方法写作并能批改它们的作品。
胡壮麟言语学第五版笔记标题九:
5.refers to the use of machine(usually computers)to translate texts from one natural language to another.
【答案】machine translation
【解析】机器翻译是指派用机器将语篇从一个天然言语翻译至另一个天然言语。
6.computational linguistics has andcomponents,where the former component takes up issues in theoretical linguistics and cognitive science,and the latter component focuses on the practical outcome of modeling human language use.
【答案】theoretical;applied
【解析】核算机言语学包富含理论核算机言语学和使用核算机言语学两个成分。理论核算机
言语学首要研讨理论言语学和认知科学的有关疑问,使用言语学首要研讨人类言语运用的
实践产品。
7.is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web.
【答案】mooc
【解析】慕课是一种旨在经过网络进行无捆绑的参加和翻开造访的在线课程。
胡壮麟言语学第五版考研温习材料
胡壮麟言语学第五版笔记标题十:
7.is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web.
【答案】mooc
【解析】慕课是一种旨在经过网络进行无捆绑的参加和翻开造访的在线课程。
iⅱ.true or false
1.mt may commit those errors that no human translators would commit,such as wrong pronouns,wrong prepositions,garbled syntax,incorrect choice of terms,plurals instead of singulars.
【答案】t
【解析】我们仍然能发现,有些差错是人工翻译不会呈现的。例如,代词误用、介词误用、句法紊乱、遣词不当、奇数用成复数、时态差错等。
2.around 1960,computer software is greatly improved and the first programming languages appeared.
【答案】f
【解析】1960年前后,核算机硬件而不是软件得到了很大的改进,最早的编程言语呈现了。
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